The condition in which the uterus slips down into the vagina and/or protrudes out of the vagina as it loses support is known as uterine prolapse. Common in postmenopausal women who have had one or more natural deliveries, it is caused due to weakening of the muscles of the pelvic floor and the ligaments.
What causes uterine prolapse?
The pelvic floor muscles and ligaments provide support to the uterus. is supported by. These structures are stretched and traumatized during pregnancy and childbirth that result in their weakening and is a major reason for prolapse. It is common after menopause when due to low estrogen levels and ageing the muscles lose their tone. Other causes include
- Multiple natural deliveries
- Lifting of heavy objects frequently
- Extended deliveries
- History of pelvic surgery
- Chronic constipation
- Genetic predisposition
- Chronic coughing
- Obesity
How is uterine prolapse diagnosed?
In order to ensure that the pelvic organs are in original position our gynaecolgist performs a general and pelvic exam. In order to examine the vagina and uterus a speculum is inserted during this examination. It is a painless procedure and is done as an outpatient process. On diagnosis of a prolapse, we look for the exact cause and suggest some basic tests to support the same.
How is prolapse treated?
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the prolapse i.e. how far the uterus has slipped down the vagina. Preventive measures are used for mild degrees of prolapse which if followed vigourously and sincerely prevents further slippage. It is therefore advisable to see a health professional as soon as you notice early signs of prolapse. This helps reduce the severity an avoid surgery in many cases. Since, uterine prolapse results from weakening of the pelvic floor muscles, these muscles can be strengthened using a synthetic mesh or a piece of your own tissue. There is no need to make a skin incision and is usually done through the vagina. In some cases laparoscopic techniques are also used to minimize scarring and speedy recovery. Hysterectomy may be done in older women with severe prolapsed and who have completed their families.